Methods: A descriptive qualitative study was used Seven caretake

Methods: A descriptive qualitative study was used. Seven caretakers were interviewed in their homes. The data were collected through semi-structured interview and analyzed using content analysis. Results: The emerged categories were: caring for the premature baby at home; living and interacting with the premature baby; and, the importance of social support in caring for the premature baby. Conclusions:

The mothers, as caretakers, provided proper care to the premature baby, expressed concerns regarding CA4P ic50 the baby’s development and growth, and voiced the need of support to deliver proper care.”
“Evidence for a developmental relationship between B cells and macrophages has led to the hypothesis that B cells evolved from a phagocytic predecessor. The recent identification of phagocytic IgM+ cells in fishes and amphibians supports this hypothesis, but raises the question of when, evolutionarily, was phagocytic capacity lost in B cells? To address this, leucocytes were isolated from red-eared sliders, Trachemys scripta, incubated with fluorescent beads and analysed using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Results indicate that red-eared slider B cells

are able to ingest foreign GW4869 purchase particles and suggest that ectothermic vertebrates may use phagocytic B cells as part of a robust innate immune response.”
“Reasons for performing the study The National Equine Database (NED) contains information on the size and distribution of the horse population, but the data quality MCH 32 remains unknown. These data could assist with surveillance, research and contingency planning for equine infectious disease outbreaks. Objectives 1) To assess the extent of obsolete and missing data from NED, 2) evaluate the extent of spatial separation between horse and owner location and 3) identify relationships between spatial separation and land use.

Methods Two questionnaires were used to assess data accuracy in NED utilising local authority passport inspections and distribution of questionnaires to 11,000 horse owners. A subset of 1010 questionnaires was used to assess horseowner geographic separation. Results During 20052010, 17,048 passports were checked through local authority inspections. Of these, 1558 passports (9.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 8.79.5%) were noncompliant, with 963 (5.6%; 95% CI 5.36.0%) containing inaccurate information and 595 (3.5%; 95% CI 3.23.8%) classified as missing. Of 1382 questionnaires completed by horse owners, 380 passports were obsolete (27.5%; 95% CI 25.229.9%), with 162 (11.7%; 95% CI 10.013.4%) being retained for deceased horses and 218 (15.8%; 95% CI 13.917.7%) having incorrect ownership details. Fifty-three per cent (95% CI 49.956.1%) of owners kept their horse(s) at home and 92% (95% CI 90.393.7%) of horses resided within 10km of their owners.

Hepatic Cyp1a1 gene expression was measured in the offspring to c

Hepatic Cyp1a1 gene expression was measured in the offspring to confirm the exposure to TCDD.

The gross histology of the testes and intra-testicular testosterone levels were normal among the studied groups. Sperm reserves were altered in 67-day-old rats of the TCDD-200 group, but not in 145-day-old GSK1904529A price animals or in the other TCDD-exposed groups. Nonetheless, fertility was not altered in males of the TCDD-200 group, and the F2 males generated had normal sperm reserves and DSP. Microarray analysis permitted the identification of eight differentially expressed genes in the 4-week-old testes of the TCDD-200 compared with that of the control group (cut-off value +/- 1.40), including the down-regulated chemokine Ccl5/Rantes. Inhibition of Ccl5/Rantes gene expression was observed throughout development in the TCDD-200 group, and at 67 and 145 days in the TCDD-100 EPZ5676 cell line group (animals of younger ages were not examined). Ccl5/Rantes gene expression was mostly confined in Leydig cells. F2 males generated from males of the TCDD-200 group had normal levels of Ccl5/Rantes in testis and Cyp1a1 in liver, which

might indicate that Ccl5/Rantes is a marker of TCDD exposure in testis such as Cyp1a1 in liver. In conclusion, we demonstrated a decrease in Ccl5/Rantes RNA levels and a transitory decline in sperm reserves in the testes of rats of TCDD-dosed dams.”
“The starting point, in Marfan syndrome (MFS) appears to be the mutation of fibrillin-1 gene whose deconstructed protein product cannot bind transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), leading to an increased TGF-beta tissue level. The aim of this review is to review the already known

features of the cellular signal transduction downstream to TGF-beta and its impact on the tissue homeostasis of microfibrils, and elastic fibers. We also investigate current data on the extracellular regulation of TGF-beta level including mechanotransduction and the feedback cycles of integrin-dependent and independent A-1210477 Apoptosis inhibitor activation of the latent TGF-beta complex. Together these factors, by the destruction of the connective tissue fibers, may play an important role in the development of the diverse cardiac and extracardiac manifestations of MFS and many of them could be a target of conservative treatment. We present currently investigated drugs for the treatment of the syndrome, and explore possible avenues of research into pathogenesis of MFS in order to improve understanding of the disease.”
“Red meat intake has been linked to increased colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. Although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, experimental studies suggest a role for dietary heme iron. Because heme iron was shown to promote specific mutations, it would be insightful to link heme iron data to CRC with mutations in key genes in an observational, population-based study.

6% of the theoretical ethanol concentration produced from 20 g/l

6% of the theoretical ethanol concentration produced from 20 g/l barley beta-glucan. These results; showed that sake yeast displaying A. oryzae cellulolytic enzymes can be used to produce ethanol from cellulosic materials. Our constructs have higher ethanol production potential than the laboratory constructs previously reported.”
“Reninangiotensinaldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors are well established for the reduction in cardiovascular morbidity, but their impact on all-cause mortality in hypertensive CAL-101 supplier patients is uncertain. Our objective was to analyse the effects of RAAS inhibitors as a class of drugs, as well as of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and AT1 receptor

blockers (ARBs) separately, on all-cause mortality.\n\nWe performed a pooled analysis of 20 cardiovascular morbiditymortality trials. In each trial at least two-thirds of the patients had to be diagnosed with hypertension, according to the trial-specific definition, and randomized to treatment with an RAAS inhibitor or control treatment. Metabolism inhibition The cohort included 158 998 patients (71 401 RAAS inhibitor; 87 597 control). The incidence of all-cause death was 20.9

and 23.3 per 1000 patient-years in patients randomized to RAAS inhibition and controls, respectively. Overall, RAAS inhibition was associated with a 5 reduction in all-cause mortality (HR: 0.95, 95 CI: 0.911.00, P 0.032), and a 7 reduction in cardiovascular mortality (HR: 0.93, 95 CI: 0.880.99, P 0.018). The observed treatment effect resulted entirely from the class of ACE inhibitors, which were associated with a significant

10 reduction in all-cause mortality (HR: 0.90, 95 CI: 0.840.97, P 0.004), whereas no mortality reduction could be demonstrated with ARB treatment (HR: 0.99, 95 CI: 0.941.04, P 0.683). This difference in treatment effect between ACE inhibitors and ARBs on all-cause mortality was statistically significant (P-value for heterogeneity 0.036).\n\nIn patients with hypertension, treatment with an ACE inhibitor results in a significant further reduction in all-cause mortality. Because of the high prevalence ARN-509 in vitro of hypertension, the widespread use of ACE inhibitors may result in an important gain in lives saved.”
“Nonribosomal peptide synthetases are versatile engines of bioactive natural product biosynthesis that function according to the multiple carrier thiotemplate mechanism. C-terminal thioesterase (TE) domains of these giant modular proteins typically catalyze product release by hydrolysis or macrocyclization. We now report an unprecedented, dual-function TE that is involved in the biosynthesis of nocardicin A, which is the paradigm monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic. Contrary to our expectation, a stereodefined series of potential peptide substrates for the nocardicin TE domain failed to undergo hydrolysis. The stringent discrimination against peptide intermediates was overcome by prior monocyclic beta-lactam formation at an L-seryl site.

However,

with the propagation of the water table fluctuat

However,

with the propagation of the water table fluctuations, the simulation errors increased, and the simulation accuracy was not acceptable except for the first drainage in the two fluctuation cycles. The main reason was proved to be the estimation method of residual saturation used in this simulator. Also, based on the column tests, it was assumed that the resulting residual saturation from an incomplete imbibition process was a constant, with a value equal to that of the residual value resulting from the main imbibition process. The results obtained after modifying NAPL simulator with this assumption were found to be more accurate in the first cycle of water table fluctuation, but this accuracy decreased rapidly in the second one. It is concluded that NAPL simulator is not adequate in the case of LNAPL migration under water CP-456773 supplier table fluctuation in sandy medium, LOXO-101 mouse unless a feasible assumption to estimate residual saturation is put forward.”
“The advantages of endothelialization of a stent surface in comparison with the bare metal and drug-eluting stents used today include reduced late-stent restenosis and in-stent thrombosis. In this article, we study the effect

of surface topology and functionalization of tantalum (Ta) with cyclic-(arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-d-phenylalanine-lysine) (cRGDfK) on the attachment, spreading, and growth of vascular endothelial cells. Self-assembled nanodimpling on Ta surfaces was performed using a one-step electropolishing technique. Next, cRGDfK was covalently bonded onto the surface using silane chemistry. Our results suggest

that nanotexturing alone was sufficient to enhance cell spreading, but the combination of a nanodimpled surfaces along with the cRGDfK peptide may produce a better endothelialization coating on the surface in terms of higher cell density, better cell spreading, and more cell-cell interactions, when compared Trichostatin A concentration to using cRGDfK peptide functionalization alone or nanotexturing alone. We believe that future research should look into how to implement both modifications (topographic and chemical modifications) to optimize the stent surface for endothelialization. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 532-539, 2014.”
“Purpose: Intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) causes lung dysfunction in patients after hemorrhagic shock resuscitation. We performed intra-abdominal volume increment (IAVI) to IAH and studied its effect on pulmonary function. Methods: Eight minipigs established for IAH model by exsanquination until shock, incomplete blockage of portal vein and overload resuscitation were randomly divided into IAVI group (n=4) and sham-operated control group (n=4). Bladder pressure, arterial blood gas analysis and thoraco-abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans were measured.

Preclinical evaluation and ongoing clinical trials should provide

Preclinical evaluation and ongoing clinical trials should provide novel insights into the role of immunity in the therapy of BRAF-mutant melanoma.”
“Although gain of chromosome 5p is one of the most frequent DNA copy-number imbalances in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), the genes that drive its selection remain poorly understood. In a previous cross-sectional clinical study, we showed that the microRNA processor Drosha (located on chromosome 5p) demonstrates frequent copy-number gain and overexpression in cervical SCC, associated with altered microRNA profiles. Here, we have conducted gene depletion/overexpression experiments

to demonstrate the functional significance of up-regulated Drosha in cervical SCC cells. Stattic mw Drosha depletion by RNA interference (RNAi) produced significant, specific reductions in cell motility/invasiveness in vitro, with a silent RNAi-resistant Drosha

mutation providing phenotype rescue. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering following global profiling of 319 microRNAs in 18 cervical SCC cell line specimens generated two groups according to Drosha expression levels. Altering Drosha levels in individual SCC lines changed the group into Napabucasin which the cells clustered, with gene depletion effects being rescued by the RNAi-resistant mutation. Forty-five microRNAs showed significant differential expression between the groups, including Selleckchem Vorinostat four of 14 that were differentially expressed in association with Drosha levels in clinical samples. miR-31 up-regulation in Drosha-overexpressing samples/cell lines was the highest-ranked change (by adjusted p value) in both analyses, an observation validated by northern blotting. These functional data support the role of Drosha as an oncogene in cervical SCC, by affecting expression of cancer-associated microRNAs that have the potential to regulate numerous protein-coding genes. Copyright (C) 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.”
“Serpins are remarkable

and unique proteins in being able to spontaneously fold into a metastable conformation without the aid of a chaperone or prodomain. This metastable conformation is essential for inhibition of proteinases, so that massive serpin conformational change, driven by the favorable energetics of relaxation of the metastable conformation to the more stable one, can kinetically trap the proteinase-serpin acylenzyme intermediate. Failure to direct folding to the metastable conformation would lead to inactive, latent serpin. How serpins fold into such a metastable state is unknown. Using the ability of component peptides from the serpin alpha 1PI to associate, we have now elucidated the pathway by which this serpin efficiently folds into its metastable state. In addition we have established the likely structure of the polymerogenic intermediate of the Z variant of alpha 1PI.

8; 95% CI, 1 1 to 2 9; P = 01), major hemorrhage (HR, 2 0; 95% C

8; 95% CI, 1.1 to 2.9; P = .01), major hemorrhage (HR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.0 to 3.9; P = .05), and myelofibrotic transformation https://www.selleckchem.com/products/defactinib.html (HR, 5.5; 95% CI, 1.7 to 18.4; P = .0007) independently of known risk factors. Higher reticulin levels at diagnosis were associated with greater subsequent falls in hemoglobin levels in patients treated with anagrelide (P = .0001),

but not in those receiving hydroxyurea (P = .9). Moreover, serial trephine specimens in patients randomly assigned to anagrelide showed significantly greater increases in reticulin grade compared with those allocated to hydroxyurea (P = .0003), and four patients who developed increased bone marrow reticulin on anagrelide showed regression of fibrosis when switched to hydroxyurea. These data suggest that patients receiving anagrelide therapy should undergo surveillance bone marrow biopsy every 2 to 3 years and that those who show substantially increasing reticulin levels are at risk of myelofibrotic transformation and may benefit from changing therapy before adverse clinical features develop.\n\nConclusion\n\nOur results demonstrate that bone marrow reticulin grade at diagnosis represents an independent prognostic marker in ET, reflecting activity and/or duration of disease, with implications for the monitoring of patients receiving anagrelide. J Clin Oncol 27: 2991-2999. (C) 2009 by American Society of Clinical Oncology”
“From

July 4, 1999, when a liver transplantation FK228 in vivo program was started in Cuba, to December 30, 2007, we performed 125 procedures in 115 patients. The most frequent reasons for transplantation were cirrhosis caused by hepatitis C virus (29%) and alcoholic cirrhosis (17.2%). Two patients received simultaneous liver-kidney transplants. Sixty-seven patients were males, and the patient ages ranged from 12 to 74 years. The average surgical time was 6 hours, and cold ischernia time was 4 to

14 hours. The average blood consumption was 1630 mL; 2900 mL of plasma and 8 units of platelets were used in 7 cases. Immunosuppression was mainly cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil, and prednisone. Acute cellular rejections were treated in almost all cases with 3 doses of methylprednisolone. The most frequent complications were biliary (15%), hepatic arterial thrombosis (6%), postsurgical bleeding (8%), acute cellular rejection (20%), and Dibutyryl-cAMP mw ductopenic rejection (2%). The overall 1-year survival was 74.7%.”
“Background: Short-term results after proximal interphalangeal joint arthroplasty with pyrolytic carbon (pyrocarbon) implant have shown that this implant has high complication rates, but patient satisfaction is high. The authors evaluated the effectiveness of the implant for use in proximal interphalangeal joint at a minimum of 2 years of follow-up.\n\nMethods: Thirteen consecutive candidates who underwent 21 proximal interphalangeal joint arthroplasty procedures with pyrocarbon implant were evaluated prospectively.

This paper will review the mechanisms by which pulmonary mechanic

This paper will review the mechanisms by which pulmonary mechanics are assessed in mechanically ventilated

patients and will review how the data can be used for investigative research purposes as well as to inform rational ventilator management. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“We performed simultaneous Brillouin scattering and x-ray diffraction measurements on solid argon at high pressures and high temperatures (HP/HT) in an externally heated diamond-anvil cell. From the measured acoustic velocities and densities, we derive the bulk elastic properties of solid argon up to 700K at above 60GPa. Our measured acoustic velocity results at room temperature are in agreement with previous Brillouin scattering results. However, the derived aggregate VX809 elastic moduli differ from previous studies. In particular, the shear modulus is significantly lower. Our HP-/HT-data show

that the bulk modulus is almost insensitive to an increase of temperature (within the P-T-range P5091 mw of our study), whereas the shear modulus G measurably decreases with increasing temperature. We find that G(P, T) can be described by a polynomial of the form: G (P,T) = 5.8(9) GPa+1.45(12)*(P-P-0) – 0.007(2) GPa(-1)*(P-P-0)(2) – 0.01(.3) GPaK(-1)*(T-T-0) – 0.0006(2) K-1*(P-P-0)*(T-T-0) (where the reference P/T-conditions are 4.3GPa and 300 K). We use our results to estimate the shear strength of argon at HP/HT, which we find to be 0.8GPa at 65GPa, substantially lower than found in a previous study. Increasing temperature to 700K reduces the shear strength to 0.5GPa at 65GPa. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.”
“Following hemi-glossectomy and right neck dissection a 63-year-old female patient presented as an emergency with a large

neck hematoma. There were significant concerns over difficulty in intubation and mask ventilation leading to deterioration into a cannot intubate cannot ventilate (CICV) situation. After careful discussion and planning with the surgical team, who planned a tracheostomy, the situation was salvaged using a ProSealTM Laryngeal Mask Airway (PLMA). The PLMA enabled rapid establishment of a clear airway early in anesthetic induction, controlled ventilation and safe airway maintenance Cl-amidine during a difficult tracheostomy. (Minerva Anestesiol 2012;78:619-21)”
“A simple and efficient one-pot approach for assembling novel spiro[indolepyranopyrrole] derivatives was developed and used to prepare a series of biologically important compounds. The reaction was easily performed with high efficiency under very simple and mild conditions without any catalysts and it gave good yields, avoiding time-consuming costly synthesis and laborious workup and purification of products. The cytotoxic activities of these new spiro[indolepyranopyrrole] derivatives were evaluated in vitro. Most of the tested compounds exhibited significant cytotoxicities to Raji cell lines.

The p38 MAP kinase inhibitor SB203580 attenuated the histamine-in

The p38 MAP kinase inhibitor SB203580 attenuated the histamine-induced decreases in barrier function and lamellipodia protrusion frequency. SB203580 also

inhibited the histamine-induced decreases in withdrawal distance and velocity, and the subsequent actin fiber migration. These data suggest that histamine can reduce local lamellipodia protrusion activity through activation of p38 MAP kinase. The findings also suggest that local lamellipodia have a role in maintaining endothelial barrier integrity. PU-H71 ic50 Furthermore, we provide evidence that actin stress fiber formation may be a reaction to, rather than a cause of, reduced endothelial barrier integrity.”
“The long-term effects of prazosin and losartan administration on blood pressure, trophicity of the heart and carotid arteries, and responses of the cardiovascular system to acetylcholine, were studied in Wistar rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Four-week-old rats were treated with prazosin (10 mg/kg b.w./day in tap water) or losartan (20 mg/kg b.w./day

in tap water) for 5-6 weeks. BP was measured by plethysmographic method. Ten animals of each group were subjected to in Compound C supplier vivo studies and subsequent to morphological investigations. The right jugular vein was cannulated for administration of acetylcholine (0.1, 1, and 10 mu g). After perfusion with a glutaraldehyde fixative (120 mmHg), the carotid arteries were embedded in Durcupan ACM, and the inner diameter (ID), wall thickness (WT) (tunica intima and

media), cross sectional area (CSA) (tunica intima and media), and WT/ID ratio were calculated. In Wistar rats and SHRs, prazosin and losartan administration ABT-737 price produced a decrease in the blood pressure and trophicity of the heart. In Wistar rats, both drugs decreased the WT, CSA, and the WT/ID ratio. In addition, these drugs increased the circumferential stress of the artery without affecting the ID. In contrast, in the SHRs, only losartan administration produced these effects. Importantly, both the drugs improved the responses to acetylcholine in SHRs.”
“During cell migration, forces generated by the actin cytoskeleton are transmitted through adhesion complexes to the substrate. To investigate the mechanism of force generation and transmission, we analyzed the relationship between actin network velocity and traction forces at the substrate in a model system of persistently migrating fish epidermal keratocytes. Front and lateral sides of the cell exhibited much stronger coupling between actin motion and traction forces than the trailing cell body. Further analysis of the traction-velocity relationship suggested that the force transmission mechanisms were different in different cell regions: at the front, traction was generated by a gripping of the actin network to the substrate, whereas at the sides and back, it was produced by the network’s slipping over the substrate.

Post hoc analyses indicated that the NMR was associated with ciga

Post hoc analyses indicated that the NMR was associated with cigarettes per day, overall, and among men and Caucasians

(p smaller than 0.05). While there was some variation in the relationship between nicotine metabolism and nicotine dependence across measures and sex and race, Erastin order the results indicate that this relationship may be more attributable to the association between NMR and cigarettes per day.”
“Description: Update of the 1996 U. S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation statement on counseling to prevent household and recreational injuries, including falls.\n\nMethods: The USPSTF reviewed new evidence on the effectiveness and harms of primary care-relevant interventions to prevent falls in community-dwelling older adults. The interventions were grouped into 5 main categories: multifactorial clinical

assessment (with or without direct intervention), clinical management (with or without screening), clinical education or behavioral counseling, home hazard modification, and exercise or physical therapy.\n\nRecommendations: The USPSTF recommends exercise or physical therapy and vitamin D supplementation to prevent falls in community-dwelling adults aged 65 years or older who are at increased risk for falls. (Grade B recommendation)\n\nThe USPSTF does not recommend automatically Repotrectinib performing an in-depth multifactorial risk assessment in conjunction with comprehensive management of identified risks to prevent falls in community-dwelling adults aged 65 years or older because the likelihood of benefit is small. In determining whether this service is appropriate in individual cases, patients and clinicians should consider the balance of benefits and harms on the basis of the circumstances of prior falls, comorbid medical conditions, and patient values. (Grade C recommendation)”
“New technologies and interest in cell mechanics are buy Fedratinib generating exciting new discoveries

about how material properties and forces affect biological structure and function. Mechanical forces are transduced via a variety of mechanisms, recently beginning to be revealed, into signals capable of altering cell function and structure. Responses to physical stimuli occur at multiple levels, from changes in the structures of single proteins to global cascades capable of altering cell proliferation and differentiation. This review describes recent findings in which physical stimuli were shown to modulate transcription factor activity, including that of armadillo/beta-catenin, serum response factor (SRF), yes-associated protein (YAP) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B). (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Novel formulations of vaginal bioadhesive tablets were prepared where the natamycin was complexed with gamma-cyclodextrin (NT-gamma CyD)to increase the solubility and stability of NT in aqueous solutions and reduce the side effects of the drug without decreasing antimycotic activity.


“Placental trophoblasts are an important source of endocri


“Placental trophoblasts are an important source of endocrine, paracrine and autocrine acting hormones. The aim of the present study was to establish and

evaluate a tissue culture model for bovine trophoblasts to study regulation of key genes of steroid hormone synthesis. Trophoblast cells were isolated from cotyledons by collagenase disaggregation and subsequent percoll density gradient centrifugation. The cells were seeded on collagen coated dishes and incubated for up to seven days. The cells were characterized for the presence of mesenchymal vimentin and epithelial cytokeratin filaments and for Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA) binding, a marker for differentiated trophoblast www.selleckchem.com/products/i-bet151-gsk1210151a.html giant cells. Transcripts of Hsd3b, Cyp17 and Cyp19 encoding 3 beta-HSD, P450c17 and P450arom, the key enzymes of progesterone, androgen, and oestrogen biosynthesis, respectively, and of Cshl encoding the trophoblast-specific hormone placental lactogen (PL) were measured by qPCR. Uninucleate cotyledonary epithelial cells and bi- and trinucleate trophoblast giant cells efficiently formed a dense cell layer on the collagen coated dishes within 24 h. Bi- and trinucleate cells showed DBA binding and weak or undetectable cytokeratin BVD-523 immunoreactivity.

Vimentin-positive, fibroblast-like cells were found on top of this cell layer. Cyp19 transcripts were found in freshly dissociated but not in cultured cells. Cyp17 expression Bromosporine continuously increased, Hsd3b transcripts largely and rapidly increased during the first days in culture, followed by a decline after three days, whereas Cshl decreased towards day seven. Serum free culture conditions significantly enhanced Cyp17 and Cshl but not Hsd3b expression. The data indicate that collagen is a favourable substrate for cultured

binucleate trophoblast giant cells. The cells represent an in vitro model to study the regulation of key genes of placental progesterone and androgen but not of oestrogen biosynthesis. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Requirements for improvement of broiler welfare have initiated certain changes in rearing and management conditions in conventional broiler production, with emphasis on stocking density and duration of photo period. Experimental study was conducted on broilers of fast growing genotypes reared in floor system. Two stocking densities were applied: 12 and 16 birds/m(2) and two light regimes: continuous: 23 h light (23 L):1 h dark (1 D) and intermittent: 4 h light (4 L): 2 h dark (2D), with 4 repetitions per treatment. Growth dynamics was investigated on 800 broilers and carcass quality traits (carcass weight, conformation, yields of major carcass parts and tibia quality) on sample of 80 carcasses differentiated according to gender of chickens. More intensive growth of broiler in the group reared in lower stocking density, that is, intermittent light regime, was established.